What is the full form of CMI in Biology?

Introduction

CMI stands for Cell-Mediated Immunity. CMI is a type of immunity which is mediated by T-cells and plays an important role in the resistance to a variety of infections. The T-cells interact with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and get activated as shown in the figure below. T-cells are then induced to release cytokines that activate more T-cells and other immune system cells.

CMI stands for Cell-Mediated Immunity.

CMI stands for Cell-Mediated Immunity. It is a type of immunity which is mediated by T-cells and plays an important role in the resistance to a variety of infections.

The T-cells interact with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and get activated as shown in the figure below.

When a T-cell is activated, it releases cytokines. Cytokines are chemicals that are released by cells in the immune system to help fight infections.

T cells interact with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and get activated as shown in the figure below.

T-cells are then induced to release cytokines that activate more T-cells and other immune system cells.

Cytokines are a type of protein that acts as a signaling molecule, activating or suppressing the body's immune system. They can be secreted by cells in response to an infection or by the body's own immune system. By this process, T-cells are then induced to release cytokines that activate more T-cells and other immune system cells.

The T-Cells mediates three types of responses in the body against antigens.

The T-Cells mediates three types of responses in the body against antigens.

• ) Cellular immunity: The T-Cell mediated immunity is known as cellular immunity. In this type of immunity, the cells that are responsible for specific defense against pathogens (bacteria. virus etc.) are called lymphocytes and it includes both B-Lymphocytes and T-Lymphocytes.
• ) Humoral Immunity: The other type of immune response mediated by antibodies produced by B-Lymphocytes is called Humoral Immunity or serological response that involves immunoglobulins (Igs) such as IgG, IgM etc., which bind to antigens present on pathogens and mark them for destruction by phagocytic leukocytes like macrophages.
• ) Complement mediated immunity: Complement system is another important component of innate mechanism involved in innate immune response which activates complement cascade upon binding with pathogen surface proteins leading to opsonization and phagocytosis by macrophages via C3b deposition at site of infection

They are as follows

Cellular immunity

This type of immunity is mediated by cells. It can occur in three ways:

• Phagocytosis, where white blood cells engulf pathogens and mark them for destruction. The process is aided by antibodies that bind to the surface of invading viruses or bacteria. The immune system will then destroy any pathogen that has been captured through this method, preventing infection from spreading throughout the body.
• Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) which destroy infected cells directly or they can activate other immune system components to do so (e.g., macrophages). CTLs also release cytokines that help alert other cells to an infection's presence such as interleukin 2 (IL-2). This cytokine tells T-cells and B-cells to multiply rapidly; offspring will then attack the pathogen directly once released into our bloodstreams from bone marrow storage sites called lymph nodes where they were made days earlier! If a person has too few lymphocytes produced during childhood immunization shots like DPT shots for example -- then their risk for developing later life infections increases significantly due to low numbers available when needed most heavily at older ages when we are exposed daily without fail over long periods time spans through various means such as mucous membranes exposure routes allowing viral entry points into our bodies especially during cold weather seasons."

1). Cellular immunity,

Cellular immunity is mediated by T-cells and plays an important role in the resistance to a variety of infections.

T-cells are activated by antigen-presenting cells (APCs).

2). Humoral immunity, and

The second category of immunity is humoral. Immune cells that mediate this form of protection are called B-cells and they produce antibodies. Antibodies are proteins made by the immune system that recognize specific antigens (foreign substances). When an antibody binds to an antigen, it marks it for destruction by other immune system cells. This can be very useful in situations where there is a large number of different foreign substances, or even when one type of foreign substance may change into another over time (e.g., bacteria).

Humoral immunity is mediated primarily by two types of B-cells: plasma B-cells and memory B-cells. Plasma B-cells produce antibodies while memory B-cell act as backup armies ready to fight if you get attacked again at some point in the future

3). Complement mediated immunity.

Complement mediated immunity is a component of the immune system. It's important for you to know that complement proteins are activated by the binding of antibodies on pathogens. The activation results in complement proteins having different functions such as killing bacteria and destroying viruses. Complement proteins can also lead to inflammation if they're not controlled properly.

CMI is a type of immunity which is mediated by T-cells and plays an important role in the resistance to a variety of infections

CMI is a type of immunity which is mediated by T-cells and plays an important role in the resistance to a variety of infections.

T-cells interact with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and get activated as shown in the figure below.

Conclusion

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